1) Freie Wortstellung

    2) Kongruenz

    3) Rektion

sowie

        Subkategorisierung und thematische Rollen

Zu (1): traditioneller Ansatz: Transformationsgrammatik

            alternativ: topologisches Modell

Zu (2) und (3): Darstellung morphologischer Abhängigkeiten (Kopfprinzip) durch eine Unifikationsgrammatik

Erweiterung des Lexikons durch Attribut-Wert-Matrizen (AVM)

Beispiel: Lexikalischer Eintrag "Kinder"

    PSG: Kinder, N

    AVM: Form : Kinder

            Kat         :         N

            Num       :         Pl

            Kas         :         Nom

            Gen        :         Neutr.

                       .
                    .
                    .
 

             (     )    (Kat: N   )   (Kat: V ) (KAS: Akk) (KAS    )  (KAS: Akk)
                (     )    (NUM: pl  )   (pers:3 ) (        ) (Num: sg)  (        )
             (     )    (GEN: neutr)  (NUM: pl) (        ) (       )  (        )

Attribut-Wert-Strukturen
 
 

------------------------------------>                 d
|
|                             a            b        (pers = 3)      )
|                             (                     |        |      |
|            S -------------> |            (agr =   (NUM = sg)      |
|         /    \              |            |                        |
|        /      \             |      subj = |                        |
|       /        \            |            (prod = Maria            |
|      /          \           |                                      |
|     /           VP------->  |            c         e                 |
|    /               \        |            (agr =  (pers = 3 )      |
|   /                 \ ---------------->  |       (NUM = sg )       |
|  /                   \      |      obj = ( prod = Josef           |
NP            V         NP    |                                     | 
|             | |       |     |                                              |
|             | --------|----------> pred = lieb+t                  |
|             |         |     |                                      |
|             |         |     |      TEMPUS = präs                  |
Maria       liebt     Josef   (      NUM = sg                       )

Eine Attribut-Wert-Struktur ist ein Tripel A = < F, C, d > mit

    F eine Menge von Attributen (Features)

    C eine Teilmenge von F (Kategorien)

    d eine partielle Funktion F x F ® F

Bsp.:

    F = {subj, obj, pred, tempus, a,b,c,...}

    C = F \ {a,b,c,d,e,f}

    d :     d (a, subj) = b

              d (a, tempus) = präs

             ...
 

Ergebnis:

HPSG (Head-driven Phrase structure Grammar) oder ähnliche Formalismen

Beispiel

F : { CAT, PLU, PER }

g : g (CAT) = {S, VP, NP, V, N ... }

     g (PER) = {1,2,3 }

     g (PLU) = {+,-}

S : [CAT S]

F_A : {PLU, PER}

V_T : {ich, schlafe, Nikolaus, Kinder ...}

Lexikon

{[CAT V] [PER 3] [PLU -]} à schläft

{[CAT V] [PER 1] [PLU -]} à schlafe

{[CAT N][PER 1]} à ich
.
.
.

[CAT S] à [CAT NP] [CAT VP]

"ich schlafe"

    = ([CAT S], [PER I], [PLU -]

                    S
                 /     \
                /       \
              NP         VP
              |           |
              |           |
              |           |
              N           V
              |           |
            ich         schlafe

            (CAT N )     (CAT V )
            (PER I )     (PER 1 )
                         (PLU - )
 

Problem: NP - vollständig !